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| pop = Haitian immigrants in the Dominican Republic 〔 Haitians born in the Dominican Republic to Haitian parents 〔Primera Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes (ENI-2012)〕 Dominicans born to both a Haitian and a Dominican parent |popplace = The borderland, the North-Western Cibao valley, and the Southeastern (including Santo Domingo) Region〔ENI-2012 P. 75〕 |langs = Mother tongue: Haitian Creole (96.3%), Spanish (1.7%), French (1.5%)〔ENI-2012 P. 163〕 Speak Spanish: 73.8%〔 |rels = Roman Catholicism, Evangelicalism, Adventism, African traditional religions, None〔ENI-2012 P. 129〕 |related = Haitians, Haitian Americans, Haitian Brazilian, Haitian Canadian, Haitian Chilean, Haitian Cuban, Cocolo }} Haitians in the Dominican Republic consist of migrants from Haiti and their descendants living and working in the Dominican Republic. Since the early 20th Century, Haitians have made up the largest immigrant population in the Dominican Republic. == History == After the Dominican War of Independence ended, Haitian immigration to the Dominican Republic was focalized in the border area; this immigration was encouraged by the Haitian government and consisted of lackland peasants who crossed the border to the Dominican Republic because of the land scarcity in Haiti; in 1874 Haiti’s military occupied La Miel valley and Rancho Mateo. In 1899 the Haitian government claimed the center-west and the south-west of the Dominican Republic, including western Lake Enriquillo, as it estimated that Haitians had become the majority in that area. However, the arrival of Haitians to the rest of the country began after the United States occupied both Haiti and the Dominican Republic around 1916, when US-owned sugar companies imported, annually, thousands of Haitian workers to cut costs. The 1935 census revealed that several border towns were of Haitian majority; between 1920 and 1935 the Haitian population in the Dominican Republic doubled. In 1936, Haiti received several of these villages located in La Miel valley after a revision of the borderline. Between 1935 and 1937 the dictator Rafael L. Trujillo imposed restrictions on foreign labor and ordered the deportation of Haitians in the border area, but these measures failed due to a corruption scheme involving Dominican military men, civil authorities, and US-owned sugar companies, in the trafficking of undocumented Haitian immigrants. After April 1937, Cuba began the deportation of thousands of Haitians; this led to the arrival of unemployed Haitians en masse to the Dominican Republic. In August 1937, amid a tour to border towns, Trujillo received complaints of looting, pillaging and cattle raiding, and people insinuated that he had no control over the Haitians. Drunk at a soirée, Trujillo decided that every Haitian should be annihilated. Lt. Adolf 'Boy' Frappier, a German adviser to President Trujillo, advised him to use the shibboleth ''perejil'' (Spanish for "parsley") to ''identify'' Haitians by their accent, because the "r" in ''perejil'' was difficult for Haitians to pronounce it properly. Thousands died along the borderland, the Northwest Line and the Cibao, and thousands more fled to Haiti; Haitians that were working for the American sugar companies, or living in the East of the country, were not harmed. As a result of the slaughter, the Dominican Republic paid to Haiti an indemnity of US$ 525,000 (equivalent to $ million in ). The genocide sought to be justified on the pretext of fearing infiltration, but was actually also a retaliation, commented on both in national currencies, as well as having been informed by the Military Intelligence Service (the dreaded SIM), that the Haitian government was cooperating with a plan that sought to overthrow Dominican exiles. After the events of 1937, Haitian migration to the Dominican Republic halted, until in 1952 Trujillo and the Haitian dictator Paul Eugène Magloire agreed on the annual shipment of thousands of Haitian laborers to work in American-owned and Dominican-owned sugar plantations, paying the Dominican government a price per head to its Haitian counterpart.〔 In the 1960s, after the fall of the dictatorship of Trujillo, Haitian immigration boomed: according to Joaquín Balaguer, 30,000 Haitians crossed the border between 1960 and 1965. During the administrations of Joaquín Balaguer, Antonio Guzmán and Salvador Jorge Blanco, in Dominican Republic, and the Duvaliers, in Haiti, the influx of Haitian labourers was continuous and was increasing. Every year contracts were signed between both countries for the importation of over ten thousand Haitians as temporary workers (although they were rarely returned to their country) in exchange for the payment of millions of dollars. After the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010, the number of Haitians doubled to 2 million, most of whom illegally crossed after the border opened for international aid. Human Rights Watch estimated that 70,000 documented Haitian immigrants and 1,930,000 undocumented immigrants were living in Dominican Republic. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Haitians in the Dominican Republic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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